This dataset contains all the information and data collected as part of the work entitled "Natural selection on plasticity of thermal traits in a highly seasonal environment". Here, we included data from mark-recapture, Q10, and thermal performance parameters

125 bp paired-end Illumina HiSeq 2500 v4.0 NGS sequence reads for 72 individually indexed Cinclosoma specimens (by mitochondrial data composed of C. castanotum [4], C. clarum [43], C. fordianum [23], and one each of C. punctatum and C. cinnamomeum alisteri as outgroups). This sequence data forms the basis of a biogeographic population genomics study of Cinclosoma across Australia's semi-arid south and west.